In order to undertake the process of designing a fire Alarm and Detection system for a building it is essentially necessary to have a full understanding, if not, the fundamentals of the relevant design standards, codes, ordinances, the legal framework surrounding building safety legislation and a sound working knowledge of product application theory. The following system design process is intended to give a reasonable overview of all the areas of knowledge required for the successful design of a fire alarm system. Due to the complex nature of legislation and design standards relating to fire alarm system design, this chapter will somehow serve as a very useful source of background information to which further application specific detailed information can be added from other sources as required.
Basically, a fire is a chemical reaction in which a carbon based material (fuel), mixes with oxygen (usually as a component of air), and is heated to a point where flammable vapors are produced. These vapors can then come in contact with something that is hot enough to cause vapor ignition, and a resulting fire. In simple terms, something that can be burn touches something that is hot, and a fire is produced.
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